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Canadian Warbird Restoration Project
Feb 2017: I recently stopped by the Air Force Museum in Trenton to check out their beautifully restored Halifax bomber and also to check out the progress on their Avro Anson-the description below was kindly provided to me by the museum a few years ago
The National Air Force Museum of Canada Avro Anson Mark II fuselage and various assorted pieces were acquired with the assistance of Mr. Byron Reynolds, from the Reynolds Aviation Museum in Wetaskiwin, Alberta, in October 2005. The aircraft had been lying unprotected in a field for perhaps 60+ years. A limited number of manufacturing drawings have been obtained from the Aero Space Museum Association of Calgary, but many parts have to be constructed from photos, which is a long tedious process.
The wings on the Mark II Anson are almost entirely made of wood, and are actually built as one-piece from tip to tip. They had completely rotted away and we had to build them from scratch. The wing spars are wooden, the wing ribs are wooden and the wing skin surface is plywood, covered with a doped fabric finish. The ailerons are constructed of small diameter welded steel tubes and they were essentially rusted away and needed to be rebuilt. They are covered with doped fabric. The flaps are of aluminum construction and they were acceptable for restoration and reuse.
The fuselage is made of steel tube construction with wood stringers and is covered with doped fabric. The steel tubes were rusted through in many areas and they had to be replaced. The Anson Mk II has a wooden moulded nose and this had to be completely built from scratch. As well, all the windows and doors needed to be replaced.
The vertical stabilizer is of steel tube construction, and the rudder is made of wood ribs and stringers and its surface is plywood, covered with a doped fabric finish. The structure of the vertical stabilizer was in acceptable condition, but the rudder was completely rotted away. No drawings were available for the rudder, but we managed to acquire a set of photos of a rudder being rebuilt in New Zealand, from which we were able to construct a new rudder.
The horizontal stabilizer is a completely wooden structure and had to be completely rebuilt using some original drawings. The elevators are of small diameter steel tube construction and they had substantially rusted away and had to be rebuilt. The elevators have a doped fabric finish.
The engines, the cowlings and the undercarriage structures were all restorable, and have been re-used in the restoration of our Anson.
Work is progressing slowly and, dependant upon the number of volunteers available to work on the restoration; it might be completely restored to display condition in another two to three years.
All the restoration work at the National Air Force Museum of Canada is done by volunteers. If you are interested in getting involved in restoration work, speak to one of the volunteers in the Restoration Workshop.
The Avro Anson
Named after British Admiral George Anson of the 18th Century, the Avro Anson was nicknamed 'Faithful Annie' or 'The Flying Greenhouse' by those who flew it.
The Anson was derived from the commercial six-seat 652 and Avro allotted the type number 652A to the Anson. In the 1930s A.V. Roe Company (Britain) built the Avro Anson as a reconnaissance airplane for the RAF. The aircraft began its military service in 1936, becoming the RAF's first monoplane with a retractable undercarriage. By 1939 it was already obsolete, and it served operationally in the early years of the war as a light bomber and coastal patrol aircraft. During the evacuation of Dunkirk, Anson’s were used aggressively to protect the beleaguered British troops. However, the Anson was severely limited in range, fire-power, and bomb load and was soon limited to training, transport, and other non-combat roles. The Anson was steadily replaced by later types such as the Lockheed Hudson and the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley throughout 1940, but a few remained with Coastal Command until 1942.
In the early days of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP), the Anson was selected as the primary twin-engine aircraft for the training of pilots, observers, wireless-operators, and bomb aimers, and over 20,000 aircrew received their training on it. This selection resulted in the largest Aircraft construction program in wartime Canada.
At first, the Anson was supplied to the BCATP by the United Kingdom. However, by May, 1940, British production could not keep up with the demand for aircraft in Canada and Federal Aircraft Ltd., a Canadian government owned company, was established in Montreal to produce the Mark II Anson Trainer.
The main Anson variant was the Mk I, of which 6,704 were built in Britain. The other variants were mainly distinguished by their power plant, with the Canadian-built Anson Mark IIs using two, 330 hp (246 kW) North American built Jacobs L-6MB R-915 engines. They were also fitted with hydraulic landing gear retraction rather than the manual system used on the Anson Mark I. In August, 1941 the first Canadian built Anson flew. It featured the considerable use of plywood to save stocks of steel for other wartime purposes. By the end of production in 1952, the Anson spanned nine variants and a total of 8,138 were built in Britain by Avro. From 1941, a further 2,882 Mk II Ansons were built by Canadian Federal Aircraft Ltd. The Canadian version, the Mark II, was flown by twenty-one countries and was used primarily for military purposes.
As a training aircraft the Anson was docile, forgiving, and easy to fly. Anson II's were a familiar sight in the skies of southern Alberta during the war. Most Ansons were declared surplus at war's end and many were immediately destroyed. Some were sold to farmers who used their electrical, mechanical, and other parts for various purposes on the farm. The Royal Canadian Air Force and Royal Canadian Navy operated Ansons until they were retired from service in 1952.
Avro Anson MK II Specifications
Manufacturer: Avro, Avro Canada, Federal Aircraft (Canada)
Version: 652A
Crew / Passengers: General reconnaissance aircraft with a crew of three; or, a navigational trainer carrying a pilot, two student navigators and a wireless operator; or, an advanced pilot trainer.
Power Plant: Two 330-h.p Jacobs L-6MB engines.
Performance: Max. speed: 303 km/h; (188 mph) @ 2,134 m; (7,000 ft)
Cruise speed: 250 km/h; (155 mph)
Range: 1,271 km; (790 miles)
Service ceiling: 4,938 m; (16,200 ft)
Weights: Empty: 2,654 kg; (5,850 lbs)
Gross: 3,470 kg; (7,650 lbs)
Dimensions: Wingspan: 17.22 m; (56 ft 6 in)
Length: 12.88 m; (42 ft 3 in)
Height: 3.99 m; (13 ft 1 in)
Wing area: 43.1 m²; (463 ft²)
Armament: None for the general training version, but some Ansons were equipped for bomb & gunnery training in a dorsal turret equipped with 1 × .303 in (7.7 mm) Vickers K machine gun and using 163 kg (360 lbs) of practice bombs in under-wing bomb bays.
The wings on the Mark II Anson are almost entirely made of wood, and are actually built as one-piece from tip to tip. They had completely rotted away and we had to build them from scratch. The wing spars are wooden, the wing ribs are wooden and the wing skin surface is plywood, covered with a doped fabric finish. The ailerons are constructed of small diameter welded steel tubes and they were essentially rusted away and needed to be rebuilt. They are covered with doped fabric. The flaps are of aluminum construction and they were acceptable for restoration and reuse.
The fuselage is made of steel tube construction with wood stringers and is covered with doped fabric. The steel tubes were rusted through in many areas and they had to be replaced. The Anson Mk II has a wooden moulded nose and this had to be completely built from scratch. As well, all the windows and doors needed to be replaced.
The vertical stabilizer is of steel tube construction, and the rudder is made of wood ribs and stringers and its surface is plywood, covered with a doped fabric finish. The structure of the vertical stabilizer was in acceptable condition, but the rudder was completely rotted away. No drawings were available for the rudder, but we managed to acquire a set of photos of a rudder being rebuilt in New Zealand, from which we were able to construct a new rudder.
The horizontal stabilizer is a completely wooden structure and had to be completely rebuilt using some original drawings. The elevators are of small diameter steel tube construction and they had substantially rusted away and had to be rebuilt. The elevators have a doped fabric finish.
The engines, the cowlings and the undercarriage structures were all restorable, and have been re-used in the restoration of our Anson.
Work is progressing slowly and, dependant upon the number of volunteers available to work on the restoration; it might be completely restored to display condition in another two to three years.
All the restoration work at the National Air Force Museum of Canada is done by volunteers. If you are interested in getting involved in restoration work, speak to one of the volunteers in the Restoration Workshop.
The Avro Anson
Named after British Admiral George Anson of the 18th Century, the Avro Anson was nicknamed 'Faithful Annie' or 'The Flying Greenhouse' by those who flew it.
The Anson was derived from the commercial six-seat 652 and Avro allotted the type number 652A to the Anson. In the 1930s A.V. Roe Company (Britain) built the Avro Anson as a reconnaissance airplane for the RAF. The aircraft began its military service in 1936, becoming the RAF's first monoplane with a retractable undercarriage. By 1939 it was already obsolete, and it served operationally in the early years of the war as a light bomber and coastal patrol aircraft. During the evacuation of Dunkirk, Anson’s were used aggressively to protect the beleaguered British troops. However, the Anson was severely limited in range, fire-power, and bomb load and was soon limited to training, transport, and other non-combat roles. The Anson was steadily replaced by later types such as the Lockheed Hudson and the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley throughout 1940, but a few remained with Coastal Command until 1942.
In the early days of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP), the Anson was selected as the primary twin-engine aircraft for the training of pilots, observers, wireless-operators, and bomb aimers, and over 20,000 aircrew received their training on it. This selection resulted in the largest Aircraft construction program in wartime Canada.
At first, the Anson was supplied to the BCATP by the United Kingdom. However, by May, 1940, British production could not keep up with the demand for aircraft in Canada and Federal Aircraft Ltd., a Canadian government owned company, was established in Montreal to produce the Mark II Anson Trainer.
The main Anson variant was the Mk I, of which 6,704 were built in Britain. The other variants were mainly distinguished by their power plant, with the Canadian-built Anson Mark IIs using two, 330 hp (246 kW) North American built Jacobs L-6MB R-915 engines. They were also fitted with hydraulic landing gear retraction rather than the manual system used on the Anson Mark I. In August, 1941 the first Canadian built Anson flew. It featured the considerable use of plywood to save stocks of steel for other wartime purposes. By the end of production in 1952, the Anson spanned nine variants and a total of 8,138 were built in Britain by Avro. From 1941, a further 2,882 Mk II Ansons were built by Canadian Federal Aircraft Ltd. The Canadian version, the Mark II, was flown by twenty-one countries and was used primarily for military purposes.
As a training aircraft the Anson was docile, forgiving, and easy to fly. Anson II's were a familiar sight in the skies of southern Alberta during the war. Most Ansons were declared surplus at war's end and many were immediately destroyed. Some were sold to farmers who used their electrical, mechanical, and other parts for various purposes on the farm. The Royal Canadian Air Force and Royal Canadian Navy operated Ansons until they were retired from service in 1952.
Avro Anson MK II Specifications
Manufacturer: Avro, Avro Canada, Federal Aircraft (Canada)
Version: 652A
Crew / Passengers: General reconnaissance aircraft with a crew of three; or, a navigational trainer carrying a pilot, two student navigators and a wireless operator; or, an advanced pilot trainer.
Power Plant: Two 330-h.p Jacobs L-6MB engines.
Performance: Max. speed: 303 km/h; (188 mph) @ 2,134 m; (7,000 ft)
Cruise speed: 250 km/h; (155 mph)
Range: 1,271 km; (790 miles)
Service ceiling: 4,938 m; (16,200 ft)
Weights: Empty: 2,654 kg; (5,850 lbs)
Gross: 3,470 kg; (7,650 lbs)
Dimensions: Wingspan: 17.22 m; (56 ft 6 in)
Length: 12.88 m; (42 ft 3 in)
Height: 3.99 m; (13 ft 1 in)
Wing area: 43.1 m²; (463 ft²)
Armament: None for the general training version, but some Ansons were equipped for bomb & gunnery training in a dorsal turret equipped with 1 × .303 in (7.7 mm) Vickers K machine gun and using 163 kg (360 lbs) of practice bombs in under-wing bomb bays.
